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Restricted stock units (RSU) income: how to review & calculate

When applying for a mortgage, few types of pay are as confusing or as valuable as RSU income. For many borrowers, restricted stock units make up a large part of their earnings, but they often don’t know how lenders look at this income. Understanding how to review and calculate RSU income helps make sure a loan application shows a borrower’s true financial picture. With the right steps, both borrowers and lenders can handle RSU documents

Common underwriting issues and how to avoid them

A small mistake can stop a mortgage loan from moving forward. Underwriting issues are quiet problems that slow down the process, confuse borrowers, and create extra work for lenders. These problems happen even to experienced teams. Knowing what causes common underwriting issues—and how to prevent them—is one of the best ways to keep loans moving smoothly and protect your pipeline. Main takeaways from this article: Underwriting issues usually happen because of problems with a borrower’s

What is variable income? Everything underwriters need to know

Not everyone earns the same amount of money each month. Many borrowers have income that goes up and down, which makes it harder for lenders to understand what they can reliably afford. Recent CFPB analysis shows that variable earnings are becoming more common across many jobs, which makes accurate income reviews even more important. If you’ve ever wondered how this type of income affects mortgage decisions, you’re not alone. Knowing how variable income works helps

Fannie Mae 1084 explained: what underwriters need to know

Qualifying self-employed borrowers can be one of the hardest parts of mortgage lending. If income is calculated incorrectly, it can lead to delays, loan defects, and unhappy borrowers. Fannie Mae’s Form 1084 helps underwriters avoid these problems. It gives a clear, consistent way to review tax returns and calculate reliable self-employment income. This guide explains how Form 1084 works and why every underwriter needs to understand it. Main takeaways from this article: Form 1084 is

Calculating rental income: Fannie Mae rental income & more

Most mortgage applications fall apart for one reason: mistakes in calculating rental income. Even a small error can turn an approval into a denial or make a loan unsellable to investors. This is especially important when working with agencies like Fannie Mae, which reported $4.3 trillion in total assets in 2025. For underwriters, getting rental income right isn’t just about math—it’s about following the rules. When rental income is calculated correctly, loan files are stronger,

Freddie Mac Asset Depletion: How It Works & Key Requirements

For borrowers who may not have enough traditional income to qualify for the mortgage, Freddie Mac provides an alternative path: converting eligible assets into monthly income using its asset depletion method. This calculated income can be added to other verified earnings and plays a direct role in establishing the debt payment and determining the debt payment-to-income ratio. By using documented assets instead of relying solely on employment-based income, lenders can improve a borrower’s ability to

What Are Mortgage Buybacks? Causes, Process & Impact

Mortgage buybacks can be a substantial challenge for mortgage lenders because they can cut into their profits. When a seemingly secure loan sold into the secondary market fails to meet the investor’s or agency’s guidelines, the lender that originated the loan may have to repurchase it. This often results in financial losses and operational strain. In this article, we will explore the causes of mortgage buybacks, the typical repurchase process, and strategies lenders can implement

FHA Gift Funds: Guidelines & Policy Updates for 2025

In 2025, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) continues to make homeownership accessible to first-time homebuyers and buyers with limited funds in their savings accounts. One way they do this is by allowing these borrowers to receive financial assistance through gift funds from eligible sources that can cover a portion or all of their down payment and closing costs. However, the use of these funds is subject to evolving guidelines established by the FHA. In this

What is Day 1 Certainty? Definition, Benefits & How it Works

Repurchase demands, documentation delays, and inconsistent underwriting still challenge even the most efficient lending teams. Day 1 Certainty is designed to fix that. By verifying borrower income, employment, and assets through approved vendors, it offers lenders relief from certain representations and warranties and a faster, cleaner path to loan approval. This guide breaks down how Day 1 Certainty works, what it covers (and what it doesn’t), and how tools like IncomeXpert help fill the gaps

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Fannie Mae gift funds: Your top questions answered

Gift funds can be a valuable tool for helping borrowers meet down payment and closing cost requirements, especially when liquidity is a barrier to homeownership. Fannie Mae provides clear guidance on when gift funds are allowed, who can provide them, and acceptable documentation to ensure compliance. For mortgage lenders, understanding the nuances of gift fund eligibility and documentation is critical to maintaining loan quality and meeting agency guidelines. This article outlines the key rules, acceptable